These models indicate that the fertility of cryopreserved boar spermatozoa can be predicted effectively by including traditional and novel laboratory assays that consider functions of spermatozoa. A second model to predict the number of piglets sired by boar was also effective ( p < 0.05, r 2 = 0.57).
The regression model to predict the percent of litter sired by each boar was highly effective ( p < 0.001, r 2 = 0.87) and included five traits acrosome-compromised spermatozoa, percent live spermatozoa (0 and 60 min post-thaw), percent total motility, and the number of zona-bound spermatozoa. Means of each laboratory evaluation were calculated for each boar and those values were applied to multiple linear regression analyses to determine which sperm traits could collectively estimate fertility in the simplest model. Fertility of the same ejaculates subjected to laboratory assays was determined for each boar by multi-sire AI and defined as (i) the mean percentage of the litter sired and (ii) the mean number of piglets sired in each litter. Finally, spermatozoa–oviduct binding and competitive zona-binding assays were applied to assess sperm adhesion to these two matrices. In vitro fertilization, cleavage, and blastocyst development were also determined. Traditional post-thaw analyses of motility, viability, and acrosome integrity were performed on each ejaculate. Our objective was to test novel and traditional laboratory analyses to identify characteristics of cryopreserved spermatozoa that are related to boar fertility. Predicting the fertility of individual frozen ejaculates for selection of higher quality semen prior to AI would increase overall success.
Kenney (often marketed under a brand name - e.g.Due to reduced fertility, cryopreserved semen is seldom used for commercial porcine artificial insemination (AI).MS Dilufert, various generations (3, 6, 9, 10).When private donors ship chilled semen outside of the formal regulatory environment, and fertilization is accomplished by allowing sperm to swim through the reproductive tract without the help of procedures such as IVF, then it is possible to achieve better results without antibiotics. This is because in procedures such as IVF with frozen sperm, the sperm does not need to swim up the reproductive tract on their own, and the detrimental effects of the antibiotics are not problematic. In human semen extenders, antibiotics are required for regulatory reasons, so their use is almost universal in clinics, even though antibiotics can be detrimental to sperm. The latter - gentamicin - has been noted to reduce sperm motility in the equine. Ticarcillin (often used in combination with clavulanic acid under the designation timentin), amikacin sulfate, penicillin, and gentamicin are commonly used.
Other extenders (e.g., INRA '96) may also contain milk components.Īntibiotics are almost universal in semen extenders, especially those being used for shipping or freezing semen. Dual-sugar extenders typically have similar ingredients, with an additional sugar, sucrose. Kenney) has been used for many years, and contains a non-fat dried milk solid (NFDMS) and glucose. In the equine Kenney extender (named after its developer, Dr. Egg yolk, which has cryoprotective properties, is also a common component. Typical cryoprotectants include glycerol, DMSO and dimethylformamide. In the case of freezing extenders, one or more penetrating cryoprotectants will be added. Semen extender also serves to protect sperm from bacteria by adding antibiotics to it to prevent increase of bacteria. The addition of extender to semen protects the sperm cells against possible damage by toxic seminal plasma, as well as providing nutrients and cooling buffers if the semen is to be cooled.